JB 2019 (art) – Smoking a pipe in the Most Beautiful Camp in the World. The Clay Pipes of Camp d’Utrecht, Austerlitz (town of Zeist), 1804-1808

Auguste de Marmont, called it ‘The most beautiful camp in the world’, the army camp that he had established in 1804 near the current village of Austerlitz. An estimated 18,000 soldiers camped there during the summers of 1804 and 1805. Marmont had been appointed by Napoleon as commander of the combined English summaries 146 French-Batavian forces in the Republic. He became one of the most powerful men in the Batavian Republic and he could more or less dictate the actions of the Batavian government. A small part of the camp was recently excavated. The excavations were carried out in the years 2017-2019. During the various excavation campaigns, many hundreds of fragments of clay pipes were found, including many stem fragments. In this article only the 328 clay pipe bowls with a heel are discussed

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